Brain tumor surgeries involve the removal or reduction of abnormal growths in the brain. These tumors may be cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). The surgery aims to alleviate symptoms like headaches, seizures, or neurological deficits, and prevent the tumor from causing further damage. Causes of brain tumors are not entirely clear but can include genetic mutations, exposure to radiation, family history, and sometimes unknown factors. Risk factors such as age, a weakened immune system, or exposure to harmful chemicals may also contribute. Early detection and surgery are critical for improving outcomes and reducing complications.