Spinal dysraphism is a congenital condition resulting from the incomplete development of the spinal cord and surrounding structures during fetal development. It occurs when the neural tube, which forms the spine and brain, fails to close properly. This can lead to various forms of dysraphism, including spina bifida, where the spinal column doesn’t fully encase the spinal cord, and other malformations. The exact cause is often unknown, but factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental influences (like folic acid deficiency), and maternal health conditions can contribute. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing symptoms and preventing complications.