Vascular brain diseases occur when blood vessels in the brain become damaged or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow and oxygen supply. These conditions include strokes, aneurysms, and vascular malformations. The main causes are high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup), and blood clots. Risk factors like smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and sedentary lifestyles can increase the likelihood of developing these diseases. When blood flow is interrupted, brain cells can die, resulting in permanent neurological damage or death. Symptoms vary depending on the affected brain area, ranging from headaches and dizziness to paralysis and cognitive decline.